DS Automobiles
The French brand DS Automobiles, part of the Stellantis Group, initially developed powertrains on behalf of the British team Virgin Racing from the third Formula E season (2016/17). For the fifth season, DS officially took over Virgin's manufacturer license and henceforth equipped the Chinese team Techeetah with powertrains.
In the Gen3 era, DS Automobiles provided powertrains to its new works team Penske and Stellantis sister brand Maserati, albeit with a Maserati branding.